People in industrialized societies are surrounded by computer systems that demonstrate intelligent behaviors (Stefik, 1995; Winston & Prendergast, 1986). They help us prepare our tax returns. They help us navigate our cars. They evaluate our applications for credit. We take it for granted that human knowledge can somehow be embedded in computer systems and that computer systems can help people solve knowledge0intensive tasks — or can solve such tasks completely autonomously. For better or for worse, we live in “the age of the smart machine” (Zuboff, 1988).
